• Administrator Guide
  • About HOPEX Administration
  • Connecting to HOPEX Administration
    • Accessing HOPEX Administration
    • Connecting to an Environment
  • Managing Users
    • Actions to be Performed to Define a User
      • Before defining a user: profile concepts
      • Compulsory Actions to be Performed to Define a User
      • Optional Actions to be Performed to Define a User
      • Other Actions to Set or Manage a User
    • Introduction to Profile Management
      • Description of a Profile
        • Definition of the profile
        • Profile assignment
      • Connection Diagrams
        • Connection diagram (with WET)
        • Connection diagram (without WET)
        • Restricting access to the desktops of an application
      • The Administration profiles provided
        • HOPEX Administrator profile
        • HOPEX Administrator - Production profile
        • User Management Web Administrator profile
        • Functional Administrator profile of a Solution
      • Profile Properties
        • Name
        • Products accessible on the license (Command Line)
        • Assignable
        • Administrator profile
        • Set of UI access rights
        • Profile display
        • Profile status
        • _GUIName
        • MetaPicture
        • Working Environment Template (WET)
        • Persons
        • Available applications
        • Available desktops
        • Reporting presentation
        • Assignable profiles
        • Terminology
        • Available types
    • Introduction to User Management
      • Users Provided
      • User: Definition
      • Person Properties
        • Name
        • Image
        • E-mail
        • Phone number and initials
        • Data language
        • Default library
        • Person's reading access area and reading access area at creation
        • Person writing access area and writing access area at creation
        • Login
        • Belongs to a Person Group
      • Login Properties
        • User code
        • Login Holder
        • Inactive user (Status)
        • Products accessible on the license (Command Line)
        • Authentication mode
        • LDAP server
    • Managing Profiles
      • Viewing Profile Characteristics
      • Creating a Profile
      • Customizing the UI Access (Permissions) of an Existing Profile
      • Customizing the Characteristics of an Existing Profile / Creating a Profile from an Existing Profile
      • Configuring a Profile
        • Configuring profile characteristics
        • Assigning a WET to a profile
        • Defining the applications accessible to the users of a profile (non WET-based configuration)
        • Defining the application desktops accessible to the users of a profile (non WET-based configuration)
        • Associating a terminology with a profile
        • Defining the object types available for a profile
      • Assigning a Profile to a Person
      • Performing a Mass Profile Assignment to Persons
      • Deleting a Profile
    • Access to User Management
      • Accessing User Management and UI Access Management Folders
        • Accessing User Management and UI Access Management Folders
        • Opening the User Management window
        • Opening the profile management window
        • Opening the profile assignment window
      • Viewing Person Characteristics
      • Viewing the Login Characteristics
    • Managing Users
      • Creating Users
      • Defining a Person
      • Creating the Login of a Person
      • Defining the Login of a Person
      • Modifying the Properties of a User
      • Preventing User Connection
      • Deleting Users
      • Creating or Modifying the Password of a User (Windows Front-End)
      • Exporting the Repository Users
    • Managing user options
      • Configuring the Metamodel Access
      • Authorizing Deletion of a Dispatched Object
      • Making a Comment Mandatory on Dispatch
      • Managing User Inactivity
        • Activating/Deactivating user inactivity management
        • Managing user inactivity
    • Authentication in HOPEX (Windows Front-End)
      • Defining Default Authentication Mode
        • Viewing default authentication mode
        • Defining default authentication mode to LDAP
        • Modifying the user authentication mode
      • Configuring Windows Authentication
        • Synchronization with a company directory
        • Associating a Windows user with a HOPEX user manually
        • Connection in case of unique authentication
        • Single sign-on precautions
      • Configuring LDAP authentication
        • Configuring LDAP authentication
        • Accessing LDAP server management
        • Creating an LDAP server
        • Configuring the LDAP server
        • Configuring an LDAP parameter
        • Modifying LDAP directory import content
        • Importing persons from an LDAP server
        • Authentication and a user created on the fly (Web Front-End)
  • Managing Repositories
    • Introduction to Repositories
      • System Repository (SystemDb)
      • HOPEX Repository
      • Repository Structure
      • Accessing Repositories
      • Creating a Repository
      • Consulting and Modifying Repository Properties
      • Accessing the Log of Repository Changes (.EMV file)
    • Repository Performance and Health
      • Consulting RDBMS Repository Performance
      • Generating a Repository Health Report
        • Performance test description
        • Health test description
        • Health report description
        • Configuring HOPEX health report emailing
    • Managing Repositories
      • Managing logfiles
        • Backup logfile
        • Backup logfile process
        • If you have a problem
        • Repository log
      • Configuring the logging for an inter repository consolidation
        • Logging
        • Modifying the log behavior
      • Viewing the Repository Update Log
        • Viewing the repository update log
        • Displaying dispatches
      • Exporting Updates
      • Enabling and Customizing Repository Indexing
        • Enabling/Disabling repository indexing for full-text search
        • Indexing a repository manually
        • Customizing the indexing scheduler
        • Deleting indexing folders
      • Converting a Repository
        • Mass converting technical data
      • Importing Libraries into a Repository
      • Repository Physical Backup
        • Backup frequencies
        • Elements to be backed up
        • Other elements to be backed up
        • Elements that could be useful to back up
      • Reorganizing an RDBMS Repository
        • Reorganizing a repository
      • Repository Logical Backup
      • Deleting a Repository
      • Updating a Repository
        • Importing command files
        • Viewing rejects
        • Viewing the import execution report file
      • Viewing the Environment Report File
        • Viewing the environment report file
        • Copying the environment report file
        • Opening the environment report file
      • Viewing User Process Error Trace Files
        • Opening the trace file from HOPEX Administration
        • Opening the trace file from the HOPEX Server Supervisor tool
        • Opening the trace file from HOPEX
      • Saving the Error Zip file for Diagnostics
      • Viewing Object History
    • Optimizing Repository Access Performance
      • Managing Log Size
        • Log size management frequency
        • Deleting a log or reducing the log size
        • Backing up the repository log
        • Deleting log elements to reduce the log size
        • Modifying MetaClass loggability
      • Managing the Cache in RDBMS Environments
        • Increasing RDBMS cache size (memory)
      • Managing Status Indicators
      • Deleting RDBMS Repository Temporary and Historical Data
      • Performing Repository Regular Maintenance Tasks
      • Cleaning up a Repository
      • Configuring the Anti-Virus According to HOPEX Data
    • Referencing and Unreferencing a Repository
      • Referencing a Repository
      • Unreferencing a Repository
      • Protecting the Referencing of a Repository
        • Adding a referencing password to a repository
        • Modifying/Canceling a repository password
  • Managing workspaces
    • Private Workspace Principle
      • Private workspace
      • Collaborative Workspace
    • Using Your Private Workspace
      • Connecting to HOPEX
      • Saving Sessions
      • Workspace Properties
      • HOPEX Repository State Changes
      • Dispatching Your Work
      • Dispatch Conflicts
        • Creation of duplicated objects
        • Deletion of already deleted objects or links
        • Modifying or linking a renamed object
      • Rejects When Dispatching
        • Change in writing access values between opening and dispatching a private workspace
        • Rename/create collisions
        • Verifying link uniqueness
        • Attribute uniqueness (other than name)
        • Updating a deleted object
      • Dispatch Report
      • Refreshing Data
      • Conflicts When Refreshing
      • Discarding Work
        • Discarding work from a private workspace
        • Discarding work from a collaborative workspace
      • Exiting a Session
        • Exiting a session from a private workspace
        • Exiting a session from a collaborative workspace
    • Workspace Administration
      • Accessing Workspace Management
      • Deleting a Workspace
    • Private Workspace Life: Example
      • Private workspace 1
      • Private workspace 2
      • Private workspace 3
      • Private workspace 4
      • Private workspace 5
      • Private workspace 6
    • Viewing Updates
      • Viewing Updates
        • The Updates window
        • Displaying your current updates on the HOPEX repository
        • Displaying your current updates on the system repository
        • Viewing updates dispatched on the repository over a period of time
      • Viewing the Dispatches and their Content
      • Exporting Updates
      • Exporting Your Private Workspace Log
      • Private Workspaces and Repository Size
        • Private workspace life
        • Private workspace monitoring
        • Modifying the maximum duration of a private workspace
    • Managing locks
      • Principle of Locks
        • Preventing conflicts
        • Deleting a lock or unlocking an object
        • Clock synchronization
        • Details on the operating method of the locks
      • Managing Locks on Objects
        • Managing locks in HOPEX Administration
        • Managing locks in HOPEX
  • Managing Environments
    • Using Environments
      • Environment Structure
      • Creating an Environment
      • Moving and Referencing an Environment
        • Moving an environment
        • Referencing an environment
        • Deleting a reference to an environment
      • Deactivating an Environment (RDBMS)
    • Customizing Environments
      • Backing Up Environment Customizations
      • Restoring Environment Customizations
      • Compiling an Environment
  • Managing the Scheduling (Scheduler)
    • Introduction to the Scheduler
      • Concepts
        • Job
        • Scheduler
        • Trigger
      • Option: Time Zone
    • Managing Triggers
      • Accessing Triggers
        • Accessing the Trigger management
      • Creating a Trigger
      • Managing a Trigger
      • Defining the Trigger Execution Context
    • Configuring the Trigger Scheduling
      • Defining the Execution Time Zone
      • Defining the First Execution Date of the Trigger
        • Defining the first execution date (or unique execution)
        • Defining a relative date for the first execution
      • Defining the Trigger Frequency
      • Defining the Last Execution Date
      • Defining the Execution Time
        • Defining the Trigger execution time
        • Defining a time-based recurrence on the Trigger execution
    • Managing the Scheduler
      • Accessing the Scheduler Control Panel
      • Stopping the Sheduler
  • Managing Events
    • Introduction to supervision
      • Prerequisites to Supervision
      • Supervising Events
        • Event types
      • Supervision files
      • Supervision configuration file: MegaSite.ini
        • Executable code
    • Supervision tool: HOPEX Server Supervisor
      • Starting HOPEX Server Supervisor
      • Extend HOPEX Server Supervisor functionalities
      • Modifying processes to be supervised (MegaSite.ini filter)
      • Finding the supervision file location
      • Modifying the supervision file location
    • Supervising events
      • Supervision tool
        • Supervision tool toolbar
        • Supervision tool tabs
      • Consulting a supervision event file
      • Actions from an event supervision window
    • Events to be Monitored (Production Server)
      • Events: Login and Authentication
      • Events: Configuration Management
      • Events: Workspace Activity
      • Events: Repository Connections
      • Events: Service Execution
      • Events: Infrastructure Performance and Repository Health
      • Events: Data Import/Export Tracking
      • Events: Report DataSet/GraphSet/TreeSet Generation
      • Events: Scheduled Jobs
      • Events: Reporting Datamart
      • Events: Questionnaire Generation
  • Managing objects
    • Exporting HOPEX Objects
      • Export
      • Exporting Objects
        • Exporting HOPEX objects
        • Exporting a HOPEX object from the object
        • Viewing an export file
        • Activating the export perimeter selection option
      • Viewing Objects Before Export
        • Enabling the view option
        • Viewing objects
    • Protecting Objects
      • Accessing the Object Protection Management Window
      • Assigning a Writing Access Area to an Object
      • Propagating Authorizations Between Linked Objects
    • Comparing and Aligning Objects Between Repositories
      • Compare and Align Principle
      • Compare and Align Warnings
        • Repository log
        • Users
        • Reading (confidentiality) and writing access levels
      • Comparing and Aligning Two Repositories
    • Merging Two Objects
      • Choice of the objects to be merged
      • Merging Two Objects
    • Importing a Solution Pack in HOPEX
    • Managing UI Access (Permissions)
      • Introduction to UI Access Management (Permissions)
        • Prerequisites and definitions
        • Performance
        • Accessing the UI access management (HOPEX Administration)
        • Accessing the permission management (HOPEX)
      • Object UI Access Values
        • MetaClass occurrence access permissions
        • MetaAssociationEnd access permissions
        • MetaAttribute access permissions
        • Permissions on a tool
      • Managing UI Access
        • Modifying access permissions on occurrences of a MetaClass
        • Modifying access permissions on MetaAttributes of a MetaClass
        • Modifying access permissions on tools of a MetaClass
        • Modifying access permissions of a link around a MetaClass
        • Modifying access permissions on links around a MetaClass
        • Rules on permissions while aggregating Sets of UI access rights
      • Managing Data Access Dynamically
        • Implementing a dynamic data access rule
        • Creating a permission rule (data access rule)
        • Associating a permission rule with a profile
        • Associating a permission rule with an object
        • Use case: data access rule set up
      • Generating a Report on Permissions by Profile
        • Generating the report
        • Report content
      • Managing General UI Access
    • Managing Shapes
      • Accessing Shapes
  • Managing Data Writing Access
    • Introduction to writing access management
      • Users
      • Writing Access Areas
      • Writing Access Diagram
        • Rules
        • Use
      • Link Orientation: Major and Minor Objects
    • Opening the Writing Access Diagram
      • Opening the Writing Access Diagram (Windows Front-End)
    • Compiling the Writing Access Diagram
    • Defining Writing Access Areas
      • Creating a Writing Access Area
      • Defining Writing Access Area Persons or Person Groups
      • Defining a Writing Access Area at Creation
      • Modifying Writing Access Areas of Objects
      • Modifying Writing Access Areas of an Object Group
      • Deleting Writing Access Areas
      • Propagating Object Writing Access Areas to Child Objects
      • Associating Objects with Writing Access Areas
      • Tips on Using Writing Access Areas
        • Common data
        • Tips
        • Typical example
    • Customizing Writing Access Area Management
      • Calculated Writing Access Area
      • Calculated MetaAttribute
      • Installing a Writing Access Diagram
      • Locking Validated Objects
      • Merging Two Projects
      • Splitting a Project
    • Managing Users from the Writing Access Diagram
      • Creating Persons with Writing Access Areas
      • Creating Person Group with Writing Access Areas
      • Managing Users from the Writing Access Diagram
      • Compiling the Writing Access Diagram
      • Transferring the Writing Access Diagram
    • Customizing Writing Access Diagram Display
      • Customizing Diagram Structure Representation
      • Customizing Writing Access Area Display
  • Managing Data Reading Access
    • Introduction
      • The Need to Manage Sensitive Data
      • General Concepts
      • Activating Data Reading Access Management
      • Consulting Environment Reading Access Information
      • Managing Reading Access in HOPEX
      • Compiling the Reading Access Diagram
    • Reading Access Area Matrix
      • Accessing the Reading Access Area Matrix
      • Adding an Object Reading Access Area
      • Adding a User Reading Access Area
      • Associating User Reading Access Areas with Object Reading Access Areas
      • Associating Users with User Reading Access Areas
    • Reading Access Diagram
      • Reading Access Diagram Operating
      • Activating the reading access diagram
      • Prohibiting Reading Access Diagram Modification
      • Opening the reading access diagram (Windows Front-End)
      • Organizing Reading Access Areas
        • Creating reading access areas
        • Connecting two reading access areas
        • Displaying reading access areas associated with a reading access area
      • Adding a User in the Reading Access Diagram
        • Adding a person in the reading access diagram
        • Adding a person group in the reading access diagram
      • Connecting Users to Reading Access Areas
        • Reading access area of the user
        • Reading access area at creation
      • Consulting Reading Access Diagram Information:
      • Customizing Reading Access Area Display
    • Configuring Data Reading Access
      • Associating Objects with Reading Access Areas
        • Connecting objects to object reading access areas
        • Disconnecting objects from reading access areas
        • Displaying the list of objects associated with a reading access area
      • Associating user reading access areas with objects
      • Propagating Reading Access Areas
        • Propagating a reading access area from HOPEX Administration
        • Propagating a reading access area from HOPEX
      • Managing MetaClass Sensitivity and Reading Access Areas
        • Opening the HOPEX MetaClasses reading access configuration dialog box
        • Modifying MetaClass sensitivity
        • Hiding confidential or sensitive objects in a diagram
      • Confidential or Sensitive Object Behavior
        • Displaying a confidential or sensitive object in a diagram
        • Export and Duplication
        • Generation of reports (MS Word) and Web sites
        • Macros
        • Confidential or sensitive objects and namespaces
      • Modifying Reading Access Areas
        • Modifying object reading access areas
        • Modifying user reading access areas
    • MetaClass Confidentiality Exceptions
  • Command File Syntax
    • Command file extensions
    • Object Naming Rules
    • Commands
    • Basic Syntax
      • Creating an Object
      • Deleting Objects
      • Modifying an Object
      • Modifying Texts
      • Modifying a Name
      • Creating and Modifying an Object with a Single Command
      • Creating a Link Between Two Objects
      • Modifying a Link
      • Deleting a Link
      • Managing Translations
      • Validating Import
      • Displaying a Comment in the Import Dialog Box
      • Transforming an MGL File to MGR
      • Transforming an MGR File to MGL
  • Managing Options
    • Options Overview
    • Option Window Presentation
    • Accessing Options
      • Options Level
        • Modifying options at site level
        • Modifying options at environment level
        • Modifying options at profile level
        • Modifying options at user level
        • Modifying options at workstation level
      • Option Inheritance
      • Controlling the Modification of the Options
        • Prohibiting modification of a lower level option
        • Unlocking the modification of a lower level option
      • Reinitializing Option Values
        • Reinitializing the values of an option
        • Reinitializing the values of an option group (Windows Front-End)
    • Generating the options Report
    • Available Option Groups
      • User options
      • Workstation Options
    • Managing Languages
      • Changing User Interface (Windows Front-End) Language
      • Defining the Data Languages Available for a User
      • Changing User Data Language (Windows Front-End)
      • Installing Additional Languages
      • Defining the Language of e-mails in Workflows
      • Managing Languages in Web Applications
    • Managing Date Format
    • Managing HOPEX Data Customization
  • Frequently Asked Questions - Administration
    • Common Operations
    • Recurrent Messages
    • Product Codes
      • Access your list of available products
  • Glossary
• Technical Articles (EN)
  • HOPEX Administration Consoles
    • HOPEX Administration Consoles
      • Introduction to HOPEX Administration Consoles
      • Accessing the HOPEX Administration Consoles
      • Directly Accessing One of the HOPEX Administration Consoles
      • Switching between HOPEX Administration Consoles
    • HOPEX Supervision console
      • Accessing HOPEX Supervision Console
      • HOPEX Supervision Console Description
        • HOPEX Supervision navigation panes
        • HOPEX Supervision Console tool bar
      • Accessing all the Server Events
      • Accessing the Process Events
      • Accesssing the User Events
      • Accessing the Session Events
      • Accessing the Event Information
      • Accessing the Macro Information
      • Finding the Supervision File Location
      • Supervising the domain
      • Defining the Supervision Data Files to be displayed
      • Refreshing the Information
      • Accessing all of the Events (not filtered)
      • Accessing a Consolidated Snapshot Event
      • Displaying consolidated snapshot graph
      • Using the history
      • Using HOPEX Supervision data
        • Customizing the view display
        • Accessing prefiltered lists
        • Adding filters to the event list
        • Deleting all the filters added to the event list
        • Graphing an event count by time interval
        • Graphing an event
        • Graphing the server CPU
        • Handling a graph
    • HOPEX Monitoring console
      • Introduction to HOPEX Monitoring Console
      • Accessing HOPEX Monitoring Console
      • HOPEX Monitoring Console Description
      • Environments
      • Connected Users
        • Disconnecting users
        • Disconnecting users with TimeOut sessions
      • Processes
      • Logs
        • Downloading all the logs
        • Downloading a specific log
      • Checkings
      • Performances
        • Launching a performance diagnostic test on a repository
        • Defining a Test Case on a profile
        • Launching a performance diagnostic test on a profile
    • HOPEX Licensing Console
      • Accessing HOPEX Licensing Console
      • Accessing a License Characteristics
      • Using the HOPEX Licensing Console
        • Downloading the report regarding the licenses used
        • Defining a default license
        • Viewing which HOPEX license a user is assigned
      • Managing the user products
        • Accessing the list of products available to a user
        • Managing the users of a license
        • Managing the license products available to a user
  • Securing the platform
    • Introduction
    • Securing the access to the application
      • Activating SSL on the website
      • Disabling SSL v2, v3, TLS 1.0 and TLS 1.1, Triple DES 128, RC4 128/128
      • Block the TRACE HTTP request
      • Remove the default install page in IIS
      • Securing the RDP access (Terminal Services)
      • Configuring the firewall
      • Configuring the default error page of the application to hide application errors
      • Protection against ClickJacking
      • Securing the ASP.NET session cookies
      • Hide ASP.Net version header
      • Remove IIS Server version HTTP Response Header
      • Strict-Transport-Security HTTP header
      • Manage content type options
      • Restrict Cross Origin Ressource Sharing to Trusted Domains
      • Search engine protection
    • Securing the application
      • Hiding the error details
      • Activating the automatic logoff
      • Hiding the information when entering the wrong credentials
      • Manage password activities
        • Account initialization
        • HOPEX Password Management
      • Documents Upload
      • Modules
        • GraphQL/GraphiQL
  • Description of MEGA Data Exchange XML Format
    • Introduction to MEGA XML Data Exchange Format
    • Format XML Schema Model
    • Tags in Brief
      • <MegaExchange>
      • <Header>
      • <Attribute>
      • <Value>
      • <Commands>
      • <Content>
      • <Object>
      • <Link>
      • <Add>
      • <Delete>
      • <Replace>
      • <Extension>
    • Format in Detail
      • MEGA data exchange XML document structure
        • Physical structure
        • Logical structure
      • Exchanged data description modes
        • Command exchange: <Commands> tag
        • Content exchange: <Content> tag
      • Commands description: <Add>, <Delete>, <Replace> tags
      • Object Descriptions
        • Command Mode
        • Content Mode
        • Object identification mechanisms
      • Link description
        • Hierarchical link in content mode
        • Other links
      • Description of attribute values
        • Attribute value format
        • Translatable attributes and attribute value expression language
      • MEGA XML format extensions
        • Example of use of the <Extension> tag by MEGA
      • Attributes of MEGA XML documents used by MEGA
        • Document attributes list
    • Glossary
  • Reporting Datamart
    • Reporting Datamart Overview
    • Reporting Datamart Description
      • Structure
      • Data
      • Content
      • Excluding MetaAttribute values from the Reporting Datamart
    • Creating and initializing a reporting datamart
      • Creating a Reporting Datamart
      • Initializing the Reporting Datamart structure
      • Initializing the Reporting Datamart data
    • Synchronizing the Reporting Datamart with the HOPEX Repository content
      • Synchronization frequency
      • Launching an incremental synchronization
      • Launching a calculated MetaAttribute synchronization
      • Launching a diagram synchronization
    • Deleting a reporting datamart
    • Using the Reporting Datamart
      • Usage
      • Advantages
    • Reporting Datamart Detailed description
      • Reporting Datamart table classification
      • Reporting Datamart table name format
        • Technical tables
        • MetaClass occurrence tables
        • MetaAssociation tables
      • Reporting Datamart columns
        • MetaClass occurrence table columns
        • Link table columns
      • Use case: reading the Reporting Datamart through a link
        • Accessing your Reporting Datamart tables
        • Understanding a link table
        • Finding the MetaClass corresponding to an IdAbs
        • Finding attributes or tagged values belonging to a MetaClass occurrence
        • Finding information on an attribute
      • Use case: saving the diagram drawings
  • Hopex Visual Studio Templates
    • Prerequisites
    • Web Service Factory (WSF) Template
      • Installing the HOPEX WSF template
      • Creating an HOPEX Web Service
      • Controllers project
        • Implementing a controller
        • Security
        • Creating and using an EventSource
        • Log events
        • Using CacheComponent
      • Hosting.IIS project
      • Macro project
      • TestingConsole project
        • App.config
        • Program.cs
      • Deploying the HOPEX WSF Service
      • Solve possible Cross Origin Resource Sharing (CORS) issue
    • Macro Template
      • Installing the HOPEX macro template
      • Creating a macro
      • Deploying a macro
      • Calling a macro
    • Identity Provider Template
      • Installing the HOPEX IdentityProvider template
      • Creating a new identity provider
      • Deploying an identity provider
  • RDBMS Environment Duplication
    • Introduction
    • Prerequisites
      • The SQL Server account
    • Backup/Restore of SQL Server databases
      • Backup and file transfer
      • Restore
      • When duplicating a repository in an environment – Expert mode
    • Post Installation Tasks
      • Create/Attach an environment in HOPEX
        • Creating an environment
        • Attaching the working database(s) to the environment
      • Copy the documents from source to target 
        • The Word/RTF documents
        • The internal documents (.DAT files)
      • Get the parameters of the environment
        • MegaEnv.ini file
        • Mega_Usr folder
  • Automatic Translation Administration
    • Prerequisites for the use of automatic translation
    • Configuring the incremental automatic translation batch
      • Initiating automatic batch translation
      • Configuring the incremental automatic batch translation
      • Table of abbreviations associated with languages